This means the weapon created for the needs of special forces counter-terrorism forces, intelligence agencies.
Of course, the mere presence of the sample armed "Special Forces" does not make him a weapon for special purposes. There are special fire and other tasks to perform that conventional means either difficult or impossible.
Based on this, a special-purpose weapons include:
1 Weapon covert applications. Here, first of all, you can select weapons with a significantly reduced level of sound of a shot, usually referred to as the "silent" or "silent weapons and flameless fire." Such weapons decides in principle, standard fire missions, but it takes special properties (silent) to perform tasks in the special conditions. "Quiet" weapons - the most massive and varied in a number of special-purpose weapon.
To "hide the application" can also include the so-called "indirect fire weapons" - or rather, a weapon for shooting from behind cover, allows the shooter to aim fire, while fully shelter. We are not talking about remote-controlled arsenal of tanks, armored vehicles or aircraft. We are talking about here is the "manual" weapon - the specificity of most of problem can be attributed to such weapons to the category of special purpose. Most specifically krivostvolnoe weapons. It is obvious that when, in principle, the model of fire missions, the use of such weapons will be hidden to the enemy, because the shooting is out of sight, and only detect the muzzle of the barrel is extremely difficult.
2 Sniper rifles particularly high accuracy. Unlike the army (the universal ones) sniper rifles are intended to destroy the enemy at long range shooting (up to 1500 meters) or a shorter range, but is guaranteed with the first shot. Differ from precision manufacturing (often - individual), using specially selected munitions and powerful optics. Typically, these rifles require you sokoy shooting skill and care in handling, as the requirements of high precision and accuracy of fire forced to reduce the trigger pull, enter the number of the "thin" options.
3 large-caliber rifles. entered service in some armies in the past two decades by large-caliber long-barreled rifle still cause different readings in their classification. Some sources attribute it to sniper weapons, other isolated in a special class. Seems correct separation of such weapons in a circle of fire problems solved with its help. Mostly it is the destruction of fire and vehicles, military equipment (including light armored) infrastructure in medium and long-range shooting (600-1600 meters).And only secondarily - sniper missions to destroy manpower at long range. Appeared in recent years, some short-samples large-caliber weapons (something which even called "carbines") is not designed to solve the problems of sniper and adapted to melee with the same goal - the defeat easily protected materiel and manpower in personal body armor.
4 Armament frogmen. We have in mind here the weapon designed to fight in the "air", which only reaches the water. We are talking about weapons for underwater shooting. Because of the application environment, it requires special approaches to developing and ammunition and the weapons themselves. We have deliberately avoided the generic term "underwater weapons" in order to separate the samples from the special purpose gun for underwater hunting.
5 Concealed Weapon. Otherwise, it is also called "masked," meaning by this weapon, simulating outer form or other items made especially for installation in such subjects. Camouflage blade, spring gun, knife or pneumatic pusher under the innocuous-looking and not too noticeable thing that looks quite familiar in everyday life (a piece of clothing, accessories, hand luggage, tools, etc.) - then get the advantage of surprise. By "masked" weapons may also include samples designed for concealed carry and use of a sudden, like a folding submachine guns, or "Case machines." This may also include some samples of the "combined" weapons. The most typical example - combat knife masked shooting device.
6 Portable support tools - special grenade launchers (rocket, recoilless, active) and mortars. This is particularly lightweight and smaller samples, designed for the use of Special Forces, "silent" grenade launchers and mortars, as well as anti-sabotage means.
7 "Assault" portable weapons designed to produce high density fire and achieve a high damaging effect in the melee. It is located at the intersection of the line of military weapons and weapons for special purposes.
Next will be considered separate samples of firearms and special Severe, have found application in the Russian armed forces.Weapon of special purpose - a professional tool and therefore expect a certain level of ownership. It is very diverse in types of submunitions, apparatus and methods of use.
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Weapon of special purpose - for example, "silent" - may be created on the basis of the available samples of military or civilian and sporting weapons and ammunition staff. By re-complexes "Insert Weapon" allow most fully agree with his arms parameters value problems. At the same time, however, did not comply with the requirements of unification and increased price of weapons, but a comparatively small volume of production and the importance of tasks forced to sacrifice value.
- In 1950-60 begins rapid growth of special operations forces. In our country, and are accepted into service a number of special-purpose models of weapons, including pistols. Most "mass" type of weapon special purpose steel samples with a significantly reduced level of sound of the shot - the so-called "silent".The most common device to reduce the sound of the shot, as you know, is the expansion type silencer, we often referred to as "device noiseless and flameless firing" or PBS. The most widely used multi-chamber mufflers expansion type. This silencer also acts as an effective flame arrester completely eliminating the flash shot. In addition to silencing as removable choke tubes are used t. N. "Integrated" Muffler. Their action is based on a combination of multi-chamber silencer to the muzzle of the barrel and the prior removal of powder gases from the bore. For this purpose the walls of the barrel is made a number of openings through which the propellant gas following the bullet leave the expansion chamber.
This design is used in the gun PB ("silent gun" index 6P9), developed by designer TSNIITOCHMASH AA Derjaguin using elements of the regular PM pistol. PB pistol was adopted by the Decree of the Minister of Defense of the USSR in July 1967.
Barrel length is slightly larger than that of the PM. the barrel is chrome-plated. BSS consists of two sections - integrated with a gun expansion chamber and a removable nozzle. The expansion chamber is put on the barrel is fixed to the front frame horn of gun powder gases are discharged into it through holes formed on the bottom of the rifling of the barrel. Gas cylinder out of the barrel reduces the velocity of the bullet up to 290 m / s, t. E. Significantly lower sound, and reduces the pressure of powder gases. For additional braking and cooling gas from the surrounding barrel roll of wire mesh. To the front of the sleeve chamber suharno-screw connection is secured removable nozzles. Within the cylindrical casing is situated nozzle separator comprising three washers mounted at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle and barrel. Washer separator form a chamber in which the powder gases are broken gradually expand and lose their speed and temperature. After the departure of the bullet slowly gases flow from the hole in the front of the muffler. The openings allow washers pool to pass freely through the orifice.
Integrated expansion chamber made significantly change the design of the gate and return mechanism. Shutter shortened barrel, and covers only the lower part laterally. Helical return spring vertically mounted in the handle and interact with the gate swinging through the transmission lever. The handle is fixed to the frame push-button latch.The trigger mechanism and magazine catch are similar gun PM. Rear sight and front sight have luminous inserts for shooting in low light conditions.
Besides the "Army" Special Forces PB supplied on the military special forces police and parts of the Interior Ministry.
Muting the sound quite effectively - the shot heard only faint metallic clang of the gate. The advantages include the use of the regular gun, massively produced chuck 9x18 PM. Together with the unification of the system with a pistol PM is facilitated its operation and supply of ammunition. Serial production of PB conducted at the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the PB
Caliber ................................................. ..................... 9 mm
cartridge .......................... .................................... 9 x 18 PM
Weight unloaded ....... ........................................ 0.97 kg
Length without head ... ............................................. 170 mm
length with a nozzle ................................................. 310 mm
Muzzle velocity ..................................... 290 m / s
Combat rate ... ........................ 30 rds. / min
Effective range ................... .......................... 50 m
Capacity .................... ......................... 8 rounds
- In 1972, has been adopted "automatic pistol silent" (APB index 6P13) developed by designer TSNIITOCHMASH A. Neugodovym based auto Stechkin. During the development of the gun was an index of AO-44. Like APS, APB has automatic pistol based on the impact of free slide, slow rate of fire retardant, impact trigger mechanism flag is translator fuse sector sight.
An elongated barrel APB surrounded integrated camera, in which the powder gases are discharged through the holes made in the walls of the barrel at the bottom of the grooves. Through a combination of pistol cartridge 9x18 HM partial etching gases from the barrel channel and the initial velocity of the bullet is obviously lower sound After the departure of the bullet out of the barrel of the expansion chamber gases are returned to the trunk and flows outwards through the muzzle has a reduced temperature and pressure. The muzzle of the barrel protrudes from the valve and has a thread for attaching removable nasadka- Nozzle inside is divided into four steel expansion chambers by partitions with holes. Original feature was the literal "writing" integrated expansion chamber in the contours of the shutter.
Instead holster-butt, like APS, APB was removable butt of steel wire. In the stowed position, "baits" fastened the latch on the butt.
Increasing the mass of weapons in combat position and displacement of the center of gravity forward improved shooting accuracy compared to the base APS.
APB gun entered service intelligence special forces of the Soviet Army, as well as special units of the Interior Ministry. During the Afghan war in the companies special-purpose gun APB usually used as a weapons squad leaders as additional weapons, as well as signalers, calculations of heavy weapons. Soldiers GRU usually worn APB defined butt and nozzle shoulder strap or - without stock - plugged for items of equipment.
Tactical and technical characteristics of APB
Caliber ................................................. ............................. 9 mm
cartridge .................. .................................................. ... 9 x 18 PM
Weight with loaded magazine and nozzle ............. 1.65 kg
Weight head .................. ............................................... 0.4 kg
weight wire butt ....................................... 0.2 kg
Muzzle velocity ............................................. 290 m / s
Capacity Store ................................................. ..20 cartridges
- Insert SP4 was the next step in the development of weapons spetsboepripasov silent & flameless cut-off of propellant gases in the sleeve. Piston abuts directly into an elongated blunt bullet, which is a cylinder made of cemented carbide to the upper part of which is attached a brass belt drive. Girdle slams into the rifling of the barrel and provides a pool giving rotation around its axis. At the time of leaving the full liner bullet belt has already reached its muzzle. After the shot the piston is fully retained in the cartridge so that the length of the cartridge cases does not exceed the length of the cartridge before the shot. Under this cartridge is made pistol MSS. New pistol complex was established in CRI-TOCHMASH (Klimovsk). Sound level shot MSS is between a shot from an air rifle and handclaps. Bullet weight of 10 g at a distance of 25 m hit vest 1st-class protection, or steel helmet.
Relatively short length of the cartridge cases it possible to realize a self-loading mode weapons - with automatic discharge of the cartridge from the chamber longitudinally moving the gate and the destruction of its weapons beyond. However, after being shot in the breech sleeve is kept high pressure propellant gases, so that the semi-automatic mode of weapons was no small achievement and required special measures. Automatic pistol MSS has the original scheme recoil free shutter and moving chambered - the last under the influence of recoil moves back along with a few rolls back gate. Branch of the threaded portion of the barrel from the chamber eliminates the formation of the bullet (vacuum powder gases in the barrel do not fall), which, after the departure of the bullet from the barrel can cause audible cotton.
return spring fitted on the frame above the barrel bushing. In front of the gate has a lock in the form of a rotary sleeve with grooves for the fingers.
Ejector located on the right side of the gate.
trigger mechanism of the gun - the trigger provides samovzvodom shot or pre-cocked, includes flag is non-automatic fuse. In order to standardize and reduce the cost of development and production of a trigger mechanism as a whole is derived from the regular PM. Fuse as t u PM, when you turn provides a safe descent hammers and setting the trigger at half-cock. The lower end of the mainspring forms magazine catch.
Solid plastic handle is attached with a screw to frame appendage. Food - from detachable box magazine with a single in-line cartridges. Because of the greater length of the cartridge handle turned out larger than that of the PM.Non-automatic pistol MSS exceeds SMEs and C-4M and practical rate, and a muzzle energy of a bullet at the same degree of reduction of the level of sound of a shot.
Issue MSS established Tula Arms Plant. Insert SP4 is also used to shoot device 'scout knife special "LDC-2, and" special revolver "OC-38.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the MSS
Caliber ................................................. ........................ 7.62 ammo ................................................ ......... 0.88 kg Length weapons ................................... ............................ 165 mm Barrel length .................. ................................................ 35 mm Muzzle velocity 200 m ............................................. / s Combat rate .................................. 6-8 rds. / min Effective range ... ................................................. 50 m Capacity ............................................... 6 rounds .....
- "Metamorphosis" conventional samples of military weapons in the "silent" installation device noiseless and flameless firing and using regular cartridge options at a reduced speed of the bullet - the way a simple and convenient.However, the basic patterns of weapons and ammunition are usually exclude claims "silent" shooting. Therefore, a new step in the development of silent weapon was a special development systems "patron-arms" to more fully meet the specific requirements of such weapons.
Silent sniper complex was established in TSNIITOCHMASH (Klimovsk) PI Serdkzhovym and VF Krasnikov and put into service in 1987. The complex includes a sniper rifle special (BCC "Vintorez" index 6P29) and a special 9-mm cartridge St. Petersburg.
Sniper cartridge St. Petersburg created NV Zabelin and LS Dvoryaninova. The bullet has a bimetallic sheath and a core consisting of a steel, and lead parts. Heavy bullet remains stable in the trajectory and in addition gives high accuracy and good disruptive effect. It is also possible shooting patron St. Petersburg with a bullet high breakdown action. The sound level is much lower than that of the small-bore rifle sports. Weapons also features a relatively "quiet" operation and automatic trigger mechanism.
BCC is the automatic rifle with a gas engine with the removal of powder gases from the barrel bore and long stroke, rigidly attached to the bolt carrier. The barrel is locked - rotating bolt, six lugs which engage with the slots of the receiver. Receiver - milled from steel, which ensures high rigidity compared with stamped box. Relatively gently perceived recoil promotes accuracy of shooting.
Hammer mechanism - striker type, with easy drummer that also helps to improve the accuracy of shooting. Action spring is located below the hammer return spring behind the gate. Non-automatic fuse - flag is. Separate translator species razmeshen fire inside the trigger guard behind the trigger, his right position corresponds to a single fire, left - automatic fire.
When fired, the powder gases are discharged into an integrated silencer through holes formed on the bottom of the grooves in the walls of a relatively short barrel (in front of the gas outlet holes), and through the muzzle. When fired, the bullet as it moves along the bore, powder gases flow into the cylinder muffler. Before the muzzle of the barrel cylinder placed separator. End plates and the separator are sloped baffle silencer axis holes for the passage of bullet. Bullet passes partitions and powder gases, hitting them, change direction, lose speed and temperature.Muffler is mounted outdoor sector sight and front sight. Silencer is easily separated from weapons and disassembled for cleaning, but the firing of the weapon with a silencer shot is not allowed.
Standing wooden butt Framework form is provided with an elastic neck.
On the left side of the receiver is a bracket for the mounting brackets for optical or night sights. At BCC attached sight PSO-1-1 or night sight. Sight PSO-1-1 is similar to the sight PSO-1 SVD sniper rifle, but with a distance scale for ballistics rounds SPB and St. Petersburg. For shooting at night can be used by sight
NSPU-3 1PN75. MBNGM8 (rifle BCCH). When firing single shots from the BCC at a distance of 400 m diameter scattering results of a series of 10 shots JS5 cartridge must not exceed 11 cm.
For concealed carry rifle easily disassembled into major parts: muffler, the stock receiver box with the barrel and trigger mechanism Shop - box with a plastic housing with a staggered 10-round magazine.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the BCC
Caliber ................................................. ............................. 9 mm
cartridge .................. ......................................... SP5, SP6 (9 x 39)
Weight without telescopic sights and ammunition ................. 2.45 kg
Length ....................... .................................................. 894 ... mm
Barrel length ........................................... ..................... 200 mm
Muzzle velocity ........................ ..................... 290 m / s
Rate of fire ....................... ..................... 800-900 rds. / min
Combat rate .................... .......... 30/60 rds. / min
Effective range
with an optical sight ............................ .................... 400 meters
with night sight ......................... ............................. 300 yards
with open mpritselom ................ .................................. 400 m
Capacity ............ ...................................... 10 rounds
- Quite complex automata, including special machine (AS "Val" index 6P30) and SP6 cartridge entered service in 1989, is one "family" of weapons with silent sniper complex. 70% of the parts and components and automatic rifles ARIA AC unified.
The machine has a folding metal stock left skeletal tons of steel tubes plastic pistol grip control is used with the magazine capacity of 20 rounds.
Patron Saint Petersburg design YS Frolov and EU Kornilovoj fused bullet increased the breakdown of the ,. Hardened Steel core length longer than SP5a protrudes from the sheath. Patron Saint Petersburg at somewhat worse than the accuracy SP58 allows to strike at distances up to 400m living objectives, protected body armor 2-3 grade and helmets or unarmored vehicles - the bullet pierces the 4-mm steel plate. The similarity of the ballistics of bullets SP5 and St. Petersburg allows for the firing of a single machine run.
For automatic noise reduction is not just for stealth applications, but also to reduce the acoustic load on the arrow and enable voice when fighting in close quarters, underground structures, and so on. N.
BCC and the AU are made Tula Arms Plant for the special forces of several law enforcement agencies.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the AU
Caliber ................................................. ............................. 9 mm
cartridge .................. ........................................... SP5, SP6 (9h39)
Weight unloaded ................................................ ........ 2.5 kg
Length of weapon:
with unfolded butt ................................ ............. 875 mm
with butt oslozhenie ................................ .......... 615 mm
Barrel length .................................... ............................ 200 mm
Muzzle velocity ................. ........................... 290 m / s
Rate of fire ................. .......................... 800--900 rds. / min
Combat rate .............. ................ 40/60 rds. / min
Effective range with open sights .............. 400 m
Capacity .... .............................................. 20 rounds
- In 1995, the Tula Instrument Design Bureau under the arms of the family that is based on machine 9A-91, presented a "silent" 9mm automatic sniper rifle VSK-94. With a rifle, you can use cartridges SP5, St. Petersburg.PAB-9. Last bullet can penetrate steel plate thickness of 8 mm at a distance of 100 m. VSK-94 has been applied in a variety of law enforcement agencies as a weapon for concealed engage manpower, including using personal body armor and unarmored objects at a distance of 400 m. 2002 . VSK-94 adopted by the army.
Automatic weapons has a gas engine and operates as a long-stroke gas piston (gas piston rigidly attached to the bolt carrier). To make the piston rod to length gas chamber is extended forward from the gas outlet openings of the barrel. The barrel is locked by turning the bolt with four lugs. The gate frame is collapsible handle reloading.
Shock-type firing mechanism allows management of single and automatic fire. Non-automatic fuse translator - lever type, its check box is mounted on the left side and has a nearly inaudible (compared, for example, or AKM SVD) click. When you turn on the fuse box covers the groove for the passage of the handle reloading.
Food patrons - from two-row detachable box magazine staggered rounds. Can be used magazines for 20 and 10 rounds - using the latter decreases the effect of flow rate on the balance of weapons cartridges. Claimed diameter dispersion when firing at a distance of 100 meters - no more than 10 cm.
"Metamorphosis" machine 9A-91 in the "quiet" sniper rifle was followed by the installation of a removable silencer, detachable non-folding plastic butt frame with rubber shock absorber, integral with the pistol grip. Silencer significantly reduces the sound level at a shot and completely eliminates muzzle flash, allowing you to secretly engage targets at ranges of up to 400 m. Lack of muzzle flash, besides reducing the telltale signs shots, has a positive effect on the work with night vision sights. The design of the muffler is no replacement elements. In the melee 6SK-94 can be used as an automaton.
Native lateral plate of the receiver allows mounting of sights - LKS-07 day and night to develop CPP (both - with the sighting mark a red dot). Glowing red dot reduces the time for retargeting when shooting with the transfer of the aiming point. When using up or failure of the battery red dot sight ICS "07 does not disappear, but becomes black, and the sight remains operational. PKS-07 sight with 7x magnification and field of view of 3 ° has a field of view of a simple elliptical range finder - a quick determination of the distance to the target is particularly important for small arms with a bullet velocity. Night sight PKN-AUR is based on the electro-optical converter of the second generation and allows accurate fire on a moonless cloudy night at a distance of up to 200 m, and in the light of the moon - up to 350 m, for visibility has turned down K illuminator. VSK-94 also demonstrated with an optical sight PSO-day 1-1.The iron sight is designed for the firing range of 100, 200, 300 and 400 m. Like VSSE VSK-94 rifle can be easily disassembled for carrying in a special case. Assembling the rifle takes about one minute.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the VSK-94
Caliber ................................................. ............................. 9 mm
cartridge .................. ......................................... SP.5, SP.6 (9h39 )
Weight without magazine and optical sight ................... 2.7 kg
Length with silencer ................. .................................... 900 mm
Barrel length .......... .................................................. .... 230 mm
Muzzle velocity ...................................... 270-290 m / s
Rate of fire 700 to ........................................... 900 rds. / min
Combat rate ............................. 30/90 rds. / min
Effective range ..... ............................................. 400 m
Magazine capacity. ...................................... 10 or 20 rounds
- In 2002 TsKIB SOO (KBP Tula branch) presented under the motto "exhaust" the new 12.7 mm sniper complex.Development work on this topic was started in 1999 by request of the FSB. Revised in 2004, this complex entered service. Open it was first introduced in 2005, experienced a complex operation of special units of the FSB in combat conditions was successful.
Peculiar in this complex intersection of two directions - "silent" and large-caliber sniper rifles - possible to create a weapon that combines minimal telltale signs shot with the ability to hit the enemy, protected by body armor or out of various obstacles (door, glazing, thin wall, trim and car etc.), as well as technical and enemy craft. And at the same size and weight of the weapon near normal sniper rifle normal caliber.
The complex includes shops "large-caliber rifle special" (WAC) with a removable silencer and special 12.7-mm rounds subsonic bullets. Several variants of the 12.7-mm cartridge:
- Sniper SP-130 PT increased accuracy with bullet shell weight of 59 g, a similar bullet cartridge 12.7 CH. Muzzle energy bullets;
- about 2500 J. Accurancy such holder, the manufacturer, is characterized by a diameter of 2.5 cm on the dispersal distance of 100 m, ie, recover within 1 minute of arc;
- Sniper SP-130 MT2 increased accuracy with whole (one-component) bronze bullet;
- Sniper SP-130 UPU high penetrating ability - with armor-piercing bullet weighing 76 g with a protruding from the shell of heat-treated core. This cartridge is designed to engage manpower in personal body armor protection class 5-6 or lightly armored vehicles at distances up to 200 m; - Training SP-130 PU designed for training in the loading and testing of the mechanisms of weapons.
As stated, the bullet cartridge SO 130VPS at 100 m provides the penetration of body armor protection class 5, for a range of 200 meters - the steel plate 16 mm thick. Chucks - special manufacturing are based on a special sleeve, full length cartridge - 97 mm. Heavy bullet achieves Sighting range 600 m - 185 times greater than that of the 9-mm sniper rifles VSS and the VSK-94.
rifle itself VKS "TsKIBovskogo" origin> "is arranged on a" Bullpup "with the location of the box detachable 5-seater shop behind the pistol grip. The rifle is different direct (without rotation) movement of the handle reloading.
Optical or night sight is mounted on top of the receiver, there are iron sights. The rifle is equipped with a folding bipod in the middle.
worth remembering that the very idea of a subsonic cartridge 12.7 mm with a heavy bullet is not new. Back in the 1950s, a famous designer of M. Blum proposed to increase the effective range of "subsonic" ammunition for the weapon with a silencer by switching to 12.7 mm, but then it has remained at the level of the experiment. Now, the same idea was embodied by other designers and the new conditions.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the exhaust
Caliber ................................................. ........................ 12.7 mm
cartridge ..................... ................................... 12.7? 54 mm SP-130
Weight without telescopic sights and ammunition .................. 6.3 kg
Length in firing position ........................ ................. 795 mm
Length, stowed ........................... .......... 640 mm
Muzzle velocity ................................... ......... 290 m / s
Combat rate ............................. 30/60 rds. / min
Effective range ............................................... 600 m ....
Capacity .......................................... .......... 5 rounds
- This compact complex, performed on the basis of truncated machine AKSB 74U, and entered service with special operations units of the Soviet Army in the early 1980s, not only combines two types of projectiles (bullets and grenades), but the two main concepts reduce sound of a shot - expansion of the propellant gases and their cut-off in the chamber.
Earlier, in the 1970s for service of special purpose units of the Soviet Army entered a special silent infantry grenade launcher "Silence", which included "silent" modification 7.62mm Kalashnikov assault rifle AKMS (with the instrument silent & flameless-1) and special 30-mm grenade launcher silent. But with the adoption by the mid 1970s, a new set of small arms under 5.45 mm rifle cartridge maloimpulsnogo there was a need in the appropriate modernization and silent infantry grenade launcher. The complex is kept the same concept, and it became the basis of a shortened 5.45-mm machine AKSB 74U and 30-mm grenade launcher silent BS-1 (BS-1M).
Special infantry grenade launcher called "Canary" (index 6S1). Machine is a modification AKSB 74U (Index 6P27), modified to attach a 30 mm grenade launcher. On the barrel is mounted machine unit silent & flameless-4.
primary purpose of a grenade launcher was originally defeat targets such as tanks with fuel, aircraft parking, booths with electronic equipment, launchers, tactical missiles, and so on. n.
Grenade acting scheme with a cut-off gas is adjacent to the lower part of the forearm and barrel machine has the appropriate mounts. That is, in contrast to "normal" grenade launchers GP-25 and GP-30, noiseless grenade launcher can not join any manning machine. Munition launcher is a 30mm grenade, with a shaped-charge warhead which hit the steel sheet thickness of about 10 mm. In view of the features of the device arms (shot with a cut-off of propellant gases) garnet does not own propellant. Garnet embedded in a barrel grenade launcher with muzzle and pushed the piston driven by special blank cartridge for throwing, chargeable breech (so that the grenade launcher has a separate loading, and with the muzzle and breech). Charged grenade held spring limb in the walls of the barrel.In flight, the grenade is stabilized by rotation - on the body of the grenade is ready to act, there are three included when loading 3 screw thread of the barrel.
Cartridges for throwing kitted in a store that is located in the pistol grip grenade launcher, and fed into the chamber from the breech using the sliding pivot bolt the rifle. The grenade launcher has a trigger mechanism with a trigger and non-automatic fuse.
At Cartridge for throwing, unlike regular blank rifle cartridge, the cartridge is not extended. Dultsev sleeve is compressed by an asterisk, as in ordinary blanks. When fired, the powder gases cartridge for throwing act on the piston, the piston pushes the grenade out of the barrel and locks (cuts) powder gases in the chamber, which ensures noiseless and flameless firing. Accurate firing range grenades complex "Canary" has increased in comparison with the complex "Silence" - up to 400 m.
Swing rack sight grenade launcher mounted on the base of the sight of the machine and has a rear sight that aligns with the tip-off with the standard front sight machine. Actually sight machine is designed for the shooting bullet CSS subsonic initial velocity.
steps to mitigate the impact grenade on the butt plate is worn shock absorber.
tactical specifications
AKSB-74U with a grenade launcher BS-1
Caliber ................................................. ................................ 5.45 / 30
x 39
Weight baa baa zpatronov and grenades .......................................... ... 5.43 kg
Length with unfolded butt ....................................... ......... 900 mm
Sighting range ........ 400 m (bullet), 400 m (grenade)
Initial velocity grenade .............. ..................................... 105 m / s
Capacity machine ...... .............................. 20 or 30 rounds
magazine capacity grenade ............. ........... 8 special cartridges
- To solve some specific problems of special features of small arms, which provides noiseless and flameless firing a bullet, is not sufficient. Such tasks as the "destruction of the missiles on the march and at launch sites, helicopters and airplanes on the ground, upset the important components of management and others, including sabotage, require the use of more powerful weapons, which combines the same special properties with more devastating effect.
In the 1970s, adopt special purpose units of the Soviet Army entered a special silent infantry grenade launcher "Silence." The complex included a 7.62-mm machine AKMS with the instrument silent & flameless-1 and a special 30-mm grenade launcher silent.
instrument PBS-1 is screwed onto the threaded seat barrel muzzle compensator machine instead. The device consists of a cylindrical chamber divided into compartments steel washers. Washers fastened three steel rods. The center of the washers made holes for the free passage of zeros. Before the first of the muzzle of the barrel machine compartment placed solid rubber puck, initially (re-installed) has no holes. Before the washer has a secondary camera Swapping powder gases with four holes in a circle facing the expansion chamber at the base of the CBE also having four holes around the circumference of the housing.
When a bullet passes the muzzle of the barrel, rushing her powder gases enter the chamber and Swapping of gases through openings in the chamber is diverted to an expansion chamber where the lost pressure and temperature through holes pitted in the outer atmosphere. Thus, in general, the pressure and temperature of the powder gases fall, continuing to move the bullet pierces the rubber washer, the hole edge due to the elastic rubber washer merge and create a barrier to the passage of gases expanding after the bullet. Passing through the hole in the washer, the gases lose speed again. Passing through the hole in the washer, the powder gases fall into the expansion chamber.Due to the volume of the chamber, exceeding the volume of the bore, and the presence of dividing washers, gas pressure is reduced, the temperature drops them.
This ensures no muzzle flash when fired - Flameless - and reduced to the level of sound of the shot, the usual weapon with a silencer. Hole washers gradually increased, rubber from high mechanical and thermal loads of wear, so the puck is a replaceable part of PBS-1. Weight-BSS 1 - 640 g, length - 196 mm, the largest diameter - 53 mm.
Shooting with a machine gun with PBS-1 is carried out only by special cartridges CSS (reduced speed) with subsonic muzzle velocity. Vershinku bullet cartridges painted black with a green border.
most interesting component of the complex can be considered as a 30-mm underbarrel grenade launcher silent. The grenade launcher is adjacent to the bottom of the forearm and barrel machine has the appropriate mounts. That is, in contrast to "normal" grenade launchers GP-25 and GP-30, noiseless grenade launcher can not join any manning machine. Munition launcher is a 30mm grenade shaped-charge warhead which hit the steel sheet thickness of about 10 mm. In view of the features of the device arms (shot with a cut-off of propellant gases) garnet does not own propellant. Uses the energy of powder gases special cartridge for throwing. At Cartridge for throwing, unlike regular idle automatic rounds 7,62x39, sleeve is not extended. Cartridges are kitted in a special store that is located in the pistol grip grenade launcher.
grenade equipped with the sliding bolt the rifle, which is carried out reloading ammunition for throwing a grenade launcher breech locking arms and bore. However, the very grenade embedded in a barrel grenade launcher from the muzzle so that the grenade launcher, in fact, is dulnozaryadnym. Garnet is held in the barrel spring latches. In flight, the grenade is stabilized by rotation - on the body, there are three grenades ready to act, when charging incoming grenades in 3 screw thread of the barrel.
Powder gases during firing act not directly on the bottom of the grenade, and a special piston that pushes the grenade out of the barrel and locks ( cuts) powder gases in the chamber, "which ensures noiseless and flameless firing. Muzzle velocity grenades - 100 m / s.
The sighting device is a grenade launcher flip Framework plate having rear sight that aligns with the shooting with the standard front sight machine. Strap is attached to the block automaton sight and is equipped with a mechanism for the introduction of amendments to the side. Rib machine is also equipped with an additional clamp mechanism with the introduction of amendments to the side and is designed to fire cartridges with bullets CSS.
With the transition in the middle of the 1970s to the new caliber and adoption by the Soviet Army complex firearms chambered 5,45x39 there was a need in the appropriate modernization and silent infantry grenade launcher.However, on the basis of the AK 74 (AKS 74) has solved the problem failed. For small caliber relative length of the barrel machine with the same size of weapons, has become much more. And the bullet cartridges CSS (reduced speed), used a silencer, given the unstable ballistics. Therefore, further work was continued with a short modification 5.45mm machine - AKS-74U.
Tactical and technical characteristics of
small arms and grenade launcher "Silence"
Caliber ................................................. ................................ 7.62 / 30
x 39
Weight, unloaded and without grenades ...................................... about 6 kg
Length with unfolded butt ............................................... .900 mm
Sighting range ............................................ 300 m ...
The initial velocity grenades .......................................... ......... 105 m / s
Capacity machine .................................. ............. 30 rounds
magazine capacity grenade ...................... 10 special ammo
- For the "jewelry" of the sniper on the small distances - up to 50-70 m - gunsmiths Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant offered rifle SV-99 at 5.6-mm cartridge-type rimfire .22 LR. The use of such low-power cartridge enables reduction in size, weight weapons, small recoil momentum, the low level of muzzle pressure and a slight plameobrazovanie. Soft shell-less 5.6-mm bullet has enough killer activity, but its low penetration capacity severely restricts the range of tasks and requires entering the unprotected parts of the body. These rifles are useful, for example, in locations where the sighting shooting is almost the width of the street. SV-99 rifle was developed VF Susloparova based biathlon rifle BI-7.2 ("Biathlon-7-2"), and related to her hunting carbine "Sobol" - both models produced "Izhmash".
Barrel of the rifle is made by cold radial forging, the barrel rifling has 6 screw and chrome-plated (to improve the accuracy of fire). Longitudinal rolling shutter direct traffic locks the barrel by means of hinged-lever assembly, forming together with the bolt crank-slider locking mechanism. It allows you to quickly reload a short movement of the hand back. Pulling to the right handle reload, the shooter causes unfolding of the locking lever (crank), oscillating in a horizontal plane and extending in a connecting rod. As a result, the mechanism of locking levers are added to the right, the bolt is retracted, thus cocking the trigger to return the gate ahead arrows advances the handle reloading the shutter when it shall be sent to the upper chamber a cartridge in the store. In addition to the possibility of increasing the practical rate of articulating locking mechanism is also different smoothness and low noise operation.
Impact - trigger, screw the mainspring and a separate drummer mounted in the gate. The trigger mechanism allows a warning. Trigger pull is adjustable from 0.5 to 1.0 kg. The trigger mechanism is assembled in a separate building and is equipped with a non-automatic fuse. Work mechanism almost knocks tip and is characterized by low noise emission.
Food - weaning from the box store with a single in 5 rounds. Shop does not protrude from the box. The elevated position of the top of the cartridge in the store before ramming prevents him grasping the rim. Possible acquisition and increased magazine capacity of 10 rounds.
Reticle is attached on top of the receiver to mount "dovetail sight You can use software or software 4x34 6x42.
Bed - walnut, with adjustable vertical and horizontal back of the head and "cheek" (adjustable butt length - 20 mm).On a metal rail in the fore-end can be put adjustable bipod and palm brush - such stops are used both in sports and in the sniper weapon. At the bottom of the butt is a cassette for two spare 5 local shops.
As the requirements of the rifle supposed ability to work in close quarters, the stock performed detachable stead can put a wooden pistol grip - a solution that is not often found in the sniper weapon, but useful in special operations.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the DM-99
Caliber ................................................. .......................... 5, 6mm
Cartridge .................... .................................................. ..... .22 LR
Weight unloaded weapon and sight ......................... 3.75 kg
Length with stock and silencer .. .............................. 980 mm
Barrel length ................ ................................................ 350 mm
Effective range up to 100 .............................................. m
Capacity ......................................... 5 or 10 rounds
- 1970 on the instructions of the Ministry of Defence and the KGB began work on the creation of a special knife, equipped with a shooting device. Thus, the question of the transformation of the scout knife into a combined arms.This increased the number of weapons a silent & flameless reconnaissance units.
In Tula, under the direction of RD Hlynina developed version of a knife with a shooting device under 7.62mm special cartridge SDRs.
adopted by the Soviet Army LDCs ("scout knife special" index 6P25) looks like a regular knife HP (6P25U) . The knife is designed to engage the enemy as a melee weapon. The knife also a working tool - his blade sharpening and a semi-sawing on the butt can be used to cut the rope, slings, detonating cord, cutting solid wood or steel rods, used as a screwdriver, etc. On the sheath has a special tool for cutting wire with a diameter up to 2.5 mm, the phone cable diameter up to 5 mm, and electrical cables with voltage up to 380 V.
The shooting device is mounted in the cavity of the back of the knife handle and consists of otёmnogo barrel with a locking device on the end and the two formed on the barrel locking lugs, boxes, Trigger, cocking lever, safety lever and lever descent. The muzzle of the barrel to the end of the handle is covered with a rubber split curtain.
To shoot the knife handle unfolds forward sighting devices are on the limiter blade slot and a protrusion on a plastic handle. Tabs on the other side of the stopper hooks are to be extracted from the stem of spent cartridges.
Since adopting a new silent pistol complex, which included a 7.62-mm special cartridge SP4 and self-loading pistol MSS was developed m new blade scout special for this cartridge. Development of a knife with a shooting device chambered JS4 engaged on TOZ designers GA Savischev, IF Chadli and VY Ovchinnikov. And in 1986, has been adopted knife scout special LDC-2, at the same time with him - made on the basis of its "do not shoot" HP-2. Were modified sheath - on the handle pliers and the adjacent surface of the sheath made holes designed to crimp blasting caps on the end of the sheath appeared short flat screwdriver. Blade NRS-2 somewhat improved compared to the LDCs. In particular, a smooth front taper provides a more reliable piercing thick cotton padded clothes, ie besides improving the "working" qualities knife and improved "combat" quality - affected combat experience.
Assembled in the grip trigger mechanism has a cocking lever, flag is non-automatic safety lock and release lever. Is aiming for a slot on the limiter blade front sight and a metal handle on the head. Although the range of target shooting is set to 25 m, the effective shooting is possible at much smaller range.
Shot available from arm's length, but shooting with two hands provides a much more stable retention of the LDCs.Using the cartridge with a cut-off of propellant gases in the sleeve eliminates the flames and the sound of the shot, as well as the danger of burning the hands of powder gases.
kit NRS-2 includes leather accessories for mounting the knife on his belt and rubber to be worn on the foot. Also in the scope of delivery includes: insert in the handle (for training in throwing knife without firing devices), four cartridge pouch and a pencil case with membership.
Modern Army "shooting knife" - special-purpose weapon for use in special operations.
TTX LDC LDC-2
Weight of the knife without a sheath, Mr. ................................ 325 ........... ................. 360
Blade length mm ............................ ................ 158 ............................ 160
Dimensions knife in a sheath mm ......... 322 x 63 x 30.5 ........... 330 x 64 x 32.5
Dimensions knife without a sheath, mm .... 280 x 52, 5 ........ 285 x 30.5 x 52.5 x 32.5
Type
velocity, m / s ......................... .................. 140 185-200 ...
Combat rate rds. / min ................ 2 ..................... 2 ..........
- The task of designing an underwater pistol weapons complex for swimmers divers were issued in 1968 from several schemes - using active-reactive and active principle throwing for further work has been selected "active" scheme. Weapons developed as non-automatic multi-stemmed.
Weapons development in TSNIITOCH-MASH engaged VV Simonov (great-nephew of the famous domestic gunsmith SG Simonov), 4.5-mm cartridge ATP - PF Sazonov and OP Kravchenko. Work went on in cooperation with the Tula Arms Plant. In 1971, Chuck and ATP chetyrehstvolny gun under it were accepted for service. The gun was designated SPP-1 ("special underwater pistol, the first sample").
800 times), pressure, viscosity. Besides, the water is incompressible. Bullet with a slight elongation (ratio of length to the caliber of the bullet) will simply overturn the gyroscopic effect will not provide the stability of motion in a pool of water. However, if you change to a different design of the barrel and bullet weaknesses can be turned into advantage.
Underwater bullet cartridge ATP has a mass of 13.2 g of high aspect ratio (about 25: 1 - Length 115mm bullet) with the bow of the obtuse. Stability of movement of such bullets is provided under water form around almost the entire length of the cavitation cavity (cavities) - hydrodynamic cavitation phenomenon is manifested when the bullet in water with high speed. Cavitation cavity helps to stabilize the bullet movement. And since there is no need to "tighten" the bullet in the barrel, the shot is made from a smooth barrel, in which a bullet is a gap. ATP sleeve chuck has a protruding rim.
Effective firing range bullet cartridge ATP under water decreases with increasing depth, but in all cases is greater than the range of the line of sight at an appropriate depth.
This bullet ensures reliable defeat the enemy in a wetsuit. In addition, CPR may be used to protect swimmers from dangerous marine predators. Effective firing range bullet cartridge ATP under water decreases with increasing depth, but in all cases is greater than the range of the line of sight at an appropriate depth.
This bullet ensures reliable defeat the enemy in a wetsuit. In addition, CPR may be used to protect swimmers from dangerous marine predators.
The pistol has a hinge block of the four shafts. Block is pivotally mounted on the trunnion frame for loading and reloading swings down as a "tipping" hunting rifles. This scheme corresponds to the great length of the cartridge - 145 mm.
produced Loading the clip, which enshrines the four cartridges. With the clip removed simultaneously and cartridge cases.
self-cocking firing mechanism includes a rotary hammer in the transverse plane and provides a consistent shooting from the trunks ,. Each time you press the trigger the firing pin striker is rotated 90 ° and moving along a helical cam, cap breaks the next cartridgeTactical and technical characteristics
mm
Cartridge ................................................ .................... ATP (4,5h39)
Weight unloaded ..................... .................................... 0.95 kg
Length weapons ........ .................................................. ....... 244 mm
Barrel length ....................................... ........................... 203 mm
Muzzle velocity in the air ................ .............. 250 m / s
Effective range:
at a depth of 5 m ......................... ......................................... 17 m
at a depth of 20 m ... .................................................. ........... 11 m
at a depth of 40 m ................................. ................................. 6 m
capacity clips ............. ............................................. 4 rounds
- Automatic APS ("automatic underwater special") entered service with the Soviet Navy in the mid-1970s.The lead designer on this machine in the Central Research Institute of SPOT-MASH was Vladimir Simonov.APS is made under the special ammunition IPU MPST type 5.66x39 bullets with high aspect ratio (PF developed Sazonov and OP Kravchenko). In MPS cartridges (with regular bullet) used the sleeve from the regular rifle cartridge 5,45x39.
The bullet is a "needle" with narrowing of the head portion in the shape of a double truncated cone moves along the bore with clearance. This design bullets connected with the peculiarities of motion in the water, significantly different from the terms of the motion in the air.
When moving the bullet (or other projectile) in water at a high velocity is observed not only a change in the line shapes of the incident flow, but also a violation of its confluence with the formation of cavities.Regular bullet cartridge 5.45mm AK 74 has ogival head portion and a small relative length forms with such conditions cavern large transverse dimensions and soon breaks. If the pool impart higher elongation (about 20 gauge) and the flat surface of the head part, when going in the water mode developed cavitation is washed with water only flat section of the bullet, which significantly reduces the drag force and promotes the formation of a cavity of smaller diameter. Stability of a bullet movement mode cavitation is ensured by committing its oscillating movements relatively flat cut head portion to the tail portion of the interaction with the boundaries of the cavitation cavities. That is, the cavity is used for bullets stabilizer. During deceleration of the bullet cavity decreases in size, and when its rear part "captures" the shank bullet, the bullet sharply loses speed and cavity completely "collapses" - is the bullet "in the full blurring".
Killability bullet depends on the depth of the dive. At depths up to 5 m range slaughter action is 30 m, at a depth of 40 m is reduced to 10 m. However, the use of the cartridge MPST tracer allows you to adjust fire on the tracks.
Automatic weapons have a gas engine with removal of powder gases through a hole in the wall of the barrel and a long stroke gas piston, there is a gas regulator. The barrel is locked by turning the shutter.
trigger mechanism of the machine - striker type. The shot is fired from the rear sear due to the energy back and the mainspring. The trigger mechanism is assembled in a separate box that allows management of a single or automatic fire, a lever is provided with a non-automatic fuse interpreter.
Food - from detachable box magazine. Features chuck demanded a number of devices to ensure reliable operation of the power system. Two rows of cartridges in the store section of the plate, the top of the bullet holding spring clamps from tipping over bullets up.Inside the receiver is mounted razor cartridges, preventing utykanie or dual supply of ammunition.
Butt - sliding. Machine adapted day fixtures in the board means of propulsion underwater.
Manufacturing machines APS put Tula Arms Factory "Machine comes with two magazines and accessories.MTA analogues of foreign weapons serial no.
Though shooting bullets and MPST MPS "in the air", "can not spin-stabilized bullet high aspect ratio in the air are low stability. For precise shooting in the air requires other ammunition.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the MTA
Caliber ............................................. .................... 5.66 mm
cartridge ......................... .................. MEAs MPST (5.66 x 39)
Weight without magazine ................... ............................. 2.46 kg
Length of arms:
with extended butt ........... ........................ 840 mm
with retracted butt ..................... .................. 620 mm
Muzzle velocity under water ............. 340-360 m / s
muzzle velocity in the air. .................... 365 m / s
Rate of fire ........................ ................... 600 rds. / min
Effective range underwater ...................... .10-30 m
Effective range air ......................... 100 m
Capacity ............ ............................... 26 rounds
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